Hepatitis B is a virus that can infect you if you are exposed to blood or body fluids (for example, health-care employees), have sexual contact with the local population, or are exposed through medical treatment. All newborns and children aged 11 to 12 years who did not take the series as infants are now recommended to get the hepatitis B vaccine.
Malaria: Malaria is a serious threat in all of East Africa’s countries, especially cities. A prescription antimalarial medicine can be obtained from your doctor.
If you plan to go to countries in this region that have meningococcal disease outbreaks from December to June, you should get meningococcal (meningitis) vaccinations.

If you may have considerable unprotected outdoor exposure in rural locations, such as while camping, hiking, or bicycling, or engaging in specific occupational activities, you should get a rabies pre-exposure vaccination.
Vaccine against typhoid. Typhoid fever is spread by consuming tainted water or food, or by consuming contaminated food or beverages that have been touched by an infected person. The most common cause of large epidemics is fecal contamination of water supplies or foods sold by street vendors.
Yellow fever is a viral disease spread largely in Sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America that is transferred to humans by mosquito bites.

Panama and Trinidad and Tobago are also infected with the virus. Travelers to endemic areas should get vaccinated against yellow fever, and it may be necessary to enter some international borders (For country specific requirements, see Yellow Fever Vaccine Requirements and Information on Malaria Risk and Prophylaxis, by Country.). If there is an ongoing risk, vaccination should be administered 10 days before travel and at 10-year intervals.
Booster doses for tetanus-diphtheria, measles, and a one-time dose of polio vaccine for adults are given when needed.
Malaria is a sickness that is always dangerous and can be fatal. Malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of a mosquito carrying the parasite.

Malaria is a serious threat in all of East Africa’s countries, especially cities. Malaria is a concern for all visitors to East Africa, including newborns, children, and former East African inhabitants. See your doctor for a prescription antimalarial medicine and protect yourself from mosquito bites to avoid contracting this dangerous disease.

One of the following medications should be taken by all travelers:

primaquine, doxycycline, mefloquine, or atovaquone/proguanil (in special circumstances).
Yellow Fever is a contagious disease.
When traveling to Tanzania from a country where yellow fever is present, a certificate of yellow fever vaccination is necessary.

Foodborne and Waterborne Infections

Ensure your meals are safe to consume. The most common causes of illness in tourists are food and waterborne infections. Viruses, germs, and parasites, which are abundant throughout East Africa and can contaminate food and water, can cause travelers’ diarrhea. Infections can induce diarrhea and vomiting, fever (typhoid fever and toxoplasmosis), or liver damage (E. coli, Salmonella, cholera, and parasites) (hepatitis).

Do the following to stay healthy:

To eliminate potentially infectious items from your skin and help prevent disease transmission, wash your hands frequently with soap and water or, if hands are not visibly filthy, use a waterless, alcohol-based hand massage.

Only drink bottled or boiling water, or carbonated (bubbly) drinks in cans or bottles, in underdeveloped countries. Tap water, fountain drinks, and ice cubes should all be avoided. If this isn’t possible, understand how to make drinking water safer.
Take your malaria preventive medication as indicated before, during, and after your trip. (A prescription is available from your doctor.)
Keep your feet clean and dry, and never go barefoot, even on the beach, to avoid fungal and parasite illnesses.
To lower the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, always use latex condoms.
When you’re outside, wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and caps to avoid mosquito bites.

DEET-based insect repellents should be used (N, N-diethylmethyltoluamide).
If you don’t have access to screening or air conditioning, apply a pyrethroid-containing spray in your living and sleeping quarters throughout the evening and night hours, and sleep under insecticide-treated bed nets.
Do not…
To limit the risk of illness, avoid eating food from street vendors or food that has not been properly cooked (i.e., hepatitis A and typhoid fever).
Drinking iced beverages is not a good idea.
Unless you know they’ve been pasteurized, avoid dairy products.
To avoid contracting water-borne infections like schistosomiasis, avoid swimming in fresh water.

To avoid bites and dangerous diseases, avoid handling animals, especially monkeys, dogs, and cats (including rabies and plague). If you’ll be spending a lot of time outside unprotected in rural areas, consider getting a rabies vaccine before you go.
To avoid diseases like HIV and hepatitis B, don’t share needles for tattoos, body piercings, or injections.
Avoid sites where live poultry is raised or kept, such as poultry farms, bird markets, and other places where live poultry is raised or stored.